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Mid-19th century map of the city of Samarang (Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia) dominated by the Fort Prins van Oranje. The railway station and Haven Kanal, which flows to the sea, are also prominent. The city is surrounded by villages and fields.

The residency of Banjoemaas (Banyumas), Central Java, featuring plantations (bamboo, teakwood, coconut, coffee, cinnamon) and rice; routes (road, postal), administrative borders; mountains, rivers, wetlands, forests.

Map of part of the Dutch colonial administrative region (assistant residency) of Benkoelen (Bengkulu, Sumatra), with an inset map of the Mentawai Islands. (From ‘Algemeene Atlas van Nederlandsche Indie [General Atlas of the Dutch East Indies]’.)

Map of part of the Dutch colonial administrative region (assistant residency) of Benkoelen (Bengkulu, Sumatra). Inset map of Nias Island and the Batu Islands. (From ‘Algemeene Atlas van Nederlandsche Indie [General Atlas of the Dutch East Indies]’.)

Map of part of the Dutch colonial administrative region (assistant residency) of Benkoelen (Bengkulu, Sumatra). There is an inset map of the Banyak Islands. (From ‘Algemeene Atlas van Nederlandsche Indie [General Atlas of the Dutch East Indies]’.)

Map of the Dutch colonial administrative region (residency) of Lampung at the southern tip of Sumatra, divided into five regencies (yellow borders). (From ‘Algemeene Atlas van Nederlandsche Indie [General Atlas of the Dutch East Indies]’.)

Map of the western half of the Dutch colonial administrative region (residency) of Palembang, Sumatra, divided into departments. (From ‘Algemeene Atlas van Nederlandsche Indie [General Atlas of the Dutch East Indies]’.)

Map of the eastern half of the Dutch colonial administrative region (residency) of Palembang, Sumatra. A fort is marked in the town of Batoeradja. (From ‘Algemeene Atlas van Nederlandsche Indie [General Atlas of the Dutch East Indies]’.)

Map of the South Peninsula of Celebes (Sulawesi). The Spermonde Archipelago in the Makassar Strait is very detailed with islands, shoals, reefs and bathymetry. (From ‘Algemeene Atlas van Nederlandsche Indie [General Atlas of the Dutch East Indies]’.)

The residency of Bagelen, Central Java, is shown divided into regencies and districts. Coffee, tea and cinnamon plantations, fields of rice, alang-alang and other crops, mountains, rivers, hot and mineral springs, settlements and routes are marked.

Map of the Dutch colonial administrative region (residency) of Soerakarta (Surakarta, Java). Inset map of Surakarta city, with a military fort and two palaces. (From ‘Algemeene Atlas van Nederlandsche Indie [General Atlas of the Dutch East Indies]’.)

Map of the Dutch colonial administrative region (residency) of Madioen (Madiun, Java). A sugar factory, cinnamon shed, and indigo plant mill are marked. (From ‘Algemeene Atlas van Nederlandsche Indie [General Atlas of the Dutch East Indies]’.)