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A Spanish military map of the northern Philippine island of Luzon, highlighting cable and telegraph lines, and aids to maritime navigation such as bathymetry (sea depth) and tide data. A conversion table for metres, fathoms and feet is also shown.

Navigation map of the southern part of the South China Sea, including the straits of Malacca and Singapore, and the Riau Archipelago. Bathymetry (sea depth), lighthouses, shoals and other obstructions are marked, with hills to use as landmarks.

A navigation map of the Anambas Islands in the South China Sea, including shoals and reefs, bathymetry (sea depth), anchor points, current and tide information, and two elevation views of the coasts. Obstructions in the water are marked with letters.

Navigation map of the waters and straits around some of the islands of the Riau Archipelago, between Sumatra and Batam. Bathymetry (sea depth), current and tide data, reefs, shoals and other obstructions (clay, mud, shells, stones, sand) are marked.

Navigation maps of two bays on the southeast coast of Borneo. Anchorages, bathymetry (sea depth), buoys, shoals and other obstructions are shown. There is an inset map of the roadstead—a body of water sheltered from tides/currents—at Balikpapan Bay.

Navigation map of the southern part of the Strait of Malacca. Bathymetry (sea depth), lighthouses (in red and yellow), shoals and other obstructions (clay, coral, mud, rocks, shells, stones, sand) are marked, with hills to use as landmarks.

Two maps of bays of Celebes (Sulawesi), including bathymetry (sea depth), reefs and shoals, and coastal hills to use as landmarks. Obstructions in the water are marked ‘kr’ for coral, ‘m’ for mud, ‘st’ for stones, and ‘z’ for sand.

The colonial territories of British North Borneo are shown in pink on this late 19th century map, with Brunei and Sarawak in green, and Dutch colonial territory in yellow. Sea routes around the British Empire are depicted on an inset map.

Navigation map of the west coast of Sumatra, including the cities of Padang and Bengkulu, and the Mentawai islands. Bathymetry (sea depth), lighthouses, shoals and other obstructions are marked, with hills and settlements to use as landmarks.

Navigation map of the waters and straits around some of the islands of the Riau Archipelago, between Sumatra and Batam. Bathymetry (sea depth), current and tide data, reefs, shoals and other obstructions (clay, mud, shells, stones, sand) are marked.

This map of the Madura Strait between Java and Madura is designed to aid navigation: bathymetry (water depth), lighthouses, shoals and reefs, rocks and mud, anchor points, and landmark mountains are all marked. Text describes the tidal conditions.

Late 19th century map of the Makassar Strait between Borneo and Celebes (Sulawesi), with shoals and reefs, bathymetry (sea depth), shipwrecks and other navigation aids marked. On land, mountains, with their heights, and rivers are shown.