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A map of Mindanao, Philippines made for the American military during the Philippine–American War (1899–1902). Areas are marked with the names of the local indigenous peoples. Flags indicate stations of American troops.

Map of the island of Seram in the Maluku Islands, originally produced as two separate maps. Red lines show lines of communication of local people (referred to as ‘Alfoer’), with their tribe’s name. Muslim, Christian and Alfoer settlements are marked.

A map of the religions of the local peoples of the Dutch East Indies, with areas marked as Christian, Muslim, ‘heathen’. With population figures, including for Protestants and Catholics, and locations of missionaries and other religious teachers.

Hand-drawn map of Flores in the Lesser Sunda Islands, with extensive written notes describing the island, e.g. the interior is unknown to Europeans; the names of the main Christian villages are underlined.

Map of the crops—coconut, alang-alang, rice, nipa palm, bamboo—grown along the Mempawah River (west coast of Borneo). There are also large areas of swampy forest, Malay mosques, shrines and graveyards, and Chinese villages, temples and graveyards.

On this map of Asia, colours are used to show the colonial territories of the European powers, and to show Muslim and Buddhist regions: Sumatra is divided between the Netherlands and local rulers; the Straits Settlements underlined in red (British).

On this map of Asia, colours are used to show the colonial territories of the European powers, and to show Muslim and Buddhist regions: Sumatra is divided between the Netherlands and local rulers; the Straits Settlements underlined in red (British).

This map shows the Dutch colonial possessions in the East Indies in the mid-19th century. The text provides great detail about the people, religion, crops, animals, geography and administration of the Dutch East Indies.

Map of the Birman Empire and Assam (modern Myanmar) with detailed text describing the region’s geography, culture, population, religion, government and history. There is an inset map highlighting Burmese islands off the coast of the Malay Peninsula.

Map of the Birman Empire and Assam (modern Myanmar) with detailed text describing the region’s geography, culture, population, religion, government and history. There is an inset map highlighting Burmese islands off the coast of the Malay Peninsula.

This simple map of the Dutch East Indies shows the locations of Christian missions in the region in the early 19th century.

This simple map of the Dutch East Indies shows the locations of Christian missions in the region in the early 19th century.