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Geological map of the Minahasa Peninsula, Celebes (Sulawesi) showing rock types. Two more topographical maps show the terrain of the northeast tip of the peninsula, with elevation views including of the volcano Mount Klabat.

Map of the Mahakam River in Borneo, based on an expedition by the Dutch explorer Dr. Anton Nieuwenhuis in the late 19th century. An inset map shows the upper reaches of the river at twice the scale of the main map.

Geological map of Java and Madura, showing rock types and the locations of volcanoes. There are two cross sections (elevations) showing the heights of terrain: one of Java; and one from Cambodia to the Indian Ocean, including Borneo and Java.

From Joseph Kürschner’s ‘Universal-Konversations-Lexikon’, this map of German colonies includes the island of New Guinea. Divided between Dutch, British and German colonies, the German territory is Kaiser-Wilhelmsland and the Bismarck Archipelago.

Map of part of the north coast of Kaiser-Wilhelmsland (German New Guinea) spread over two sheets. It focuses on rivers, noting width, depth, temperature, currents, vegetation etc.; and on mountains, showing heights and side views (elevations).

The route of a late 19th century expedition by Dutch geologists, botanists, ethnographers and zoologists is marked on this map of southwest Borneo. Mountain peaks which were surveyed by the geologists are highlighted with a red circle.

Four maps of areas with lakes in Celebes (Sulawesi), including the lakes and main watershed of the South Peninsula. Three of the maps feature cross-section views (elevations) which show types of rocks.

Four maps showing the locations of British and Russian military units in Asia, including British and Indian (Madras Army) troops in Burma (Myanmar). Extensive legends identify individual regiments, battalions etc.

Very detailed six-sheet map of eastern New Guinea, with numerous inset maps of bays and islands, and other inset maps covering ethnography, explorers of the region, marine routes across the Pacific Ocean, cannibalism, missionaries activity etc.

Navigation map of Kaiser-Wilhelmsland, in German New Guinea. It features bathymetry (sea depth), reefs and shoals, lighthouses (coloured red and yellow) and landmark mountains. A boundary divides German and British colonial territories on New Guinea.

This map of Asia is from ‘Stieler’s Schul-Atlas’, a version of ‘Stielers Handatlas’ that was used widely in German schools in the 19th century.

This map of Asia is from ‘Stieler’s Schul-Atlas’, a version of ‘Stielers Handatlas’ that was used widely in German schools in the 19th century.