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A Spanish military map of the northern Philippine island of Luzon, highlighting cable and telegraph lines, and aids to maritime navigation such as bathymetry (sea depth) and tide data. A conversion table for metres, fathoms and feet is also shown.

A map of Mindanao, Philippines made for the American military during the Philippine–American War (1899–1902). Areas are marked with the names of the local indigenous peoples. Flags indicate stations of American troops.

A map of Luzon, Philippines divided into military and civilian regions. Made for the American military, it features roads, railways, telegraph lines, mountains and rivers. An inset map of Manila shows military, civil and religious buildings.

A map of southern Luzon, Philippines divided into military and civilian regions. Made for the American military just before the Philippine–American War (1899–1902), it features settlements, roads, railways, telegraph stations, mountains and rivers.

Produced in Spain, this mid-19th century map details the islands of Visayas, Mindanao and Palawan in the Philippines archipelago. Bathymetry (sea depth) is marked around the islands and on four detailed inset maps of ports in the region.

This early 19th century hand-drawn map of Manila Bay has detailed instructions in Spanish on how to enter the bay, and the port at Cavite. Bathymetry (water depth), the mouths of rivers, and landmark mountains are shown to aid navigation.

First published in 1734, and commonly known as the ‘Velarde map’, this map by the Spanish cartographer Pedro Murillo Velarde is regarded as the first important map of the Philippines. This is a later version, lacking 12 drawings on the map's sides.

Map of the Indian Ocean dominated by a rhumbline network—a web of interconnected lines used to help plot routes—with a compass rose at the centre. At the top there are (incomplete) drawings of people with text in Dutch, French, English and Spanish.

The many inaccuracies and omissions on this early map of Southeast Asia show the limitations of geographical knowledge at the time. There are some interesting details though, such as a legend listing the small islands in the Moluccas and Philippines.