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Navigation map of the southern part of the South China Sea, including the straits of Malacca and Singapore, and the Riau Archipelago. Bathymetry (sea depth), lighthouses, shoals and other obstructions are marked, with hills to use as landmarks.

A navigation map of the Anambas Islands in the South China Sea, including shoals and reefs, bathymetry (sea depth), anchor points, current and tide information, and two elevation views of the coasts. Obstructions in the water are marked with letters.

Navigation map of the waters and straits around some of the islands of the Riau Archipelago, between Sumatra and Batam. Bathymetry (sea depth), current and tide data, reefs, shoals and other obstructions (clay, mud, shells, stones, sand) are marked.

Navigation map of the waters and straits around some of the islands of the Riau Archipelago, between Sumatra and Batam. Bathymetry (sea depth), current and tide data, reefs, shoals and other obstructions (clay, mud, shells, stones, sand) are marked.

Navigation map of the Riau Strait between Batam, Bintan and Rempang (Riau Archipelago). Bathymetry (sea depth), current and tide data, reefs, shoals and other obstructions are marked. A second map features improvements to part of the original map.

Navigation map of the Riau Roadstead (off west coast of Bintan, Riau Archipelago): a body of water sheltered from tides/currents, for ships to anchor. Bathymetry (sea depth) and various obstructions and landmarks (hills, buildings, trees) are shown.

Navigation map of the Riau Strait between Batam, Bintan and Rempang (Riau Archipelago). Bathymetry (sea depth), lighthouses, bouys, currents and obstructions are marked. There are side views of islands and mountains (elevations) to use as landmarks.

Navigation map of the southern part of the South China Sea, including the straits of Malacca and Singapore, and the Riau Archipelago. Bathymetry (sea depth), lighthouses, shoals and other obstructions are marked, with hills to use as landmarks.

This map of Sumatra is divided into administrative areas called ‘residencies’, which include the surrounding islands such as the Riau Archipelago and islands in the South China Sea.

Map of the Riouw (Riau) Residency, Sumatra. The border between Riau and the island’s west coast is marked in red ‘as far as it is known [voor zoo verre die... bekend is]’, ending abruptly in the unexplored mountains near Lake Toba, northern Sumatra.

Map of the Dutch colonial administrative region (residency) of Riouw (Riau) focusing on the islands and sea passages, with bathymetry (sea depth) marked. (From ‘Algemeene Atlas van Nederlandsche Indie [General Atlas of the Dutch East Indies]’.)

Two maps featuring many of the islands between the Malay Peninsula, Sumatra and Borneo. In the top map, Batam, Bintan, Lingga and many of the smaller Riau Islands. In the bottom map, Bangka and Belitung on the east coast of Sumatra.