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This 17th century map features a number of mythical lakes once thought to exist in southern China. One of these lakes (‘Chiamai Lac’) feeds three rivers—labelled ‘Menan’, ‘Manthabam’ and ‘Cosmin’—which flow south through mainland Southeast Asia.

On this early 17th century map of maritime Southeast Asia, the southern coast of Java ('Iava Maior') is represented by a dotted line, indicating that the exact coastline was unknown at this time.

On this early 17th century map of maritime Southeast Asia, the southern coast of Java ('Iava Maior') is represented by a dotted line, indicating that the exact coastline was unknown at this time.

An early 17th century map by the Flemish/Dutch cartographer Jodocus Hondius showing Asia and part of Europe and Africa. The Latin text on New Guinea translates as ‘Whether it is an island or the southern part of the continent is not yet certain’.

This seventeenth century map focuses on the Sunda Islands of maritime Southeast Asia, and features a rhumbline network, a web of lines to help plot routes and aid navigation.

This map is illustrated with drawings of Asian people wearing traditional clothing, including representatives of Sumatra, Java and the Maluku Islands. There are also drawings of important ports such as Bantam (Banten) at the western end of Java.

Originally published in Gerardus Mercator's ‘Atlas Sive Cosmographicae Meditationes de Fabrica Mundi et Fabricati Figura’ (1595), the title of which was the first use of the word ‘atlas’ to refer to a collection of maps. This is a 1630 reprint.

As was common in this era, this map mistakenly shows the bottom of Peninsula Malaya as a separate island. The map also features illustrations of ships and a sea monster. Latin text on the reverse describes the people, crops, geography of the region.

Four long rivers flow south through mainland Southeast Asia on this map: the ‘Menan’, ‘Manthabam’ and ‘Cosmin’ originate at a mythical lake (‘Chiamai Lacus’) in southern China, while the ‘Mecon’ (Mekong) flows from the hills of Cochinchina (Vietnam).

The city of Pegu (Bago, Myanmar), some other settlements, and a river named Martabam Auia are shown in the lower right of this 17th century map of Hindustan (Indian subcontinent). The genealogical seal of the Mughal emperors of India is top right.

The city of Pegu (Bago, Myanmar), some other settlements, and a river named Martabam Auia are shown in the lower right of this 17th century map of Hindustan (Indian subcontinent). The genealogical seal of the Mughal emperors of India is top right.

The city of Pegu (Bago, Myanmar), some other settlements, and a river named Martabam Auia are shown in the lower right of this 17th century map of Hindustan (Indian subcontinent). The genealogical seal of the Mughal emperors of India is top right.