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Map of Sumatra and surrounding islands, with residencies—administrative districts—shown by coloured borders. There are inset maps of two residencies surrounding Padang, and of Groot-Atjeh (Aceh). Rivers, railways, roads and settlements are marked.

This detailed late 19th century map shows Java divided into regencies, and features mountains, roads, railways, and rivers. There is also an inset map of the port city of Batavia (Jakarta).

The use of hachures—short lines/dashes that give a sense of the shape and steepness of terrain—highlight the mountain ranges along the west coast of Sumatra, with rivers flowing east. There is an inset map of the residency of Groot-Atjih (Aceh).

This detailed late 19th century map shows Java and Madura divided into regencies, and features mountains, roads, railways, and rivers.

This detailed late 19th century map shows Java and Madura divided into regencies, and features mountains, roads, railways, and rivers.

The use of hachures—short lines/dashes that give a sense of the shape and steepness of terrain—highlight the mountain ranges along the west coast of Sumatra, with rivers flowing east. The island is divided into administrative ‘residencies’.

The use of hachures—short lines/dashes that give a sense of the shape and steepness of terrain—highlight the mountain ranges along the west coast of Sumatra, with rivers flowing east. The island is divided into administrative ‘residencies’.