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A map recording five Dutch expeditions through the Karo Lands of northern Sumatra. The mountainous terrain is represented by contour lines, with peaks’ heights marked. The names of groups of the indigenous Karo people are shown in large letters.

The red lines on this hand-drawn map of the southern part of Lake Toba, Sumatra, mark two ‘signal routes’ [‘sein route’]. Both start and return to the town of Balige on the lake’s southern shore. Dates on one of the routes cover four days.

Two separate maps showing the languages and dialects spoken on the islands of Bangka, and the Riouw (Riau) and Lingga archipelagos, in the late 19th century. On Bangka alone, there are 12 languages or dialects listed.

Detailed topographical map of the east coast of Sumatra, spread over 36 sheets plus a cover sheet of the whole area. Mountains and forests dominate, with villages, routes and administrative borders shown. With five inset maps of individual towns.