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The route between Saigon and Rangoon taken by the German ethnologist Adolf Bastian is marked on this map of mainland Southeast Asia. There are two inset maps of cites: Mandalay, Amarapura and Ava in Burma; and Bangkok in Siam (including 14 temples).

Map of Asia, marked with populations of cities and lengths of rivers. Mainland Southeast Asia is divided into kingdoms, but maritime Southeast Asia is mostly blank, and parts such as Java and the Lesser Sunda Islands are left off entirely.

Map of Asia, marked with populations of cities and lengths of rivers. Mainland Southeast Asia is divided into kingdoms, but maritime Southeast Asia is mostly blank, and parts such as Java and the Lesser Sunda Islands are left off entirely.

A late 18th century map of Asia published in London by John Bowles, with regions indicated by colour. Central Borneo is labelled ‘Part inhabited by the Biayos’, which is seen on many contemporary maps, often with the comment ‘a savage people’.

The arrows on this map mark the direction of the seasonal monsoons experienced in the South China Sea and Philippine Sea during the late 18th century. Each arrow has a label indicating the month.

Map of Asia based—according to the subtitle—on discoveries by the British Royal Navy captain James Cook. It includes Batavia (Jakarta) where he visited in 1770, and the South China Sea through which his ship Resolution sailed after his death in 1779.

Map of Asia based—according to the subtitle—on discoveries by the British Royal Navy captain James Cook. It includes Batavia (Jakarta) where he visited in 1770, and the South China Sea through which his ship Resolution sailed after his death in 1779.

Map of Asia divided into large colour-coded regions: the western half of mainland Southeast Asia is joined with India (‘Indien’), and coloured red; the eastern half is joined with China, all in yellow.

Map of Asia divided into large colour-coded regions: the western half of mainland Southeast Asia is joined with India (‘Indien’), and coloured red; the eastern half is joined with China, all in yellow.

This map showcases the colonial territories of Southeast Asia in the 18th century, with text detailing trading information and the products of each region. There are five inset maps featuring plans of specific trading ports.