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On this map of Southeast Asia, borders are outlined and cities underlined in different colours to show the colonial territories of the European powers. On Borneo, the names of indigenous peoples are listed (‘Dayak’s, Papua’s, Bugi’s’).

The routes of eight expeditions through Burma (Myanmar) and Siam (Thailand) are shown, with text noting ‘Ancient ruins with sarcophagi, mummies’, ‘bazaar… great variety of European goods’, ‘great thoroughfare for the Chinese trading with the Shans’.

On this map of Southeast Asia, borders are outlined and cities underlined in different colours to show the colonial territories of the European powers. On Borneo, the names of indigenous peoples are listed (‘Dayak’s, Papua’s, Bugi’s’).

This two-sheet map of India includes Burma (Myanmar) and Siam. British Burma—which came under British colonial rule after the first (1824–1826) and second (1852–1853) Anglo-Burmese wars—is highlighted in red.

Plan of British military installations in the port town of Akyab, Burma (Sittwe, Myanmar), featuring piers on the Kolladyne River (Kaladan River), hospitals, a work house, mission house, hotel, bazaar, burial grounds, religious buildings etc.

Map of Asia on four sheets, with Southeast Asia on sheet four. British colonial territory—British Burma, the Straits Settlements, Sarawak—is highlighted in red, with the Dutch East Indies, Spanish Philippines and Portuguese East Timor also shown.

Map of a proposed extension of a telegraph system from Rangoon (Yangon, Myanmar) to China. Includes current and projected railways, steam ship routes, and population figures for western China. From the British magazine ‘The Illustrated London News’.

The borders on this mid-19th century map of mainland Southeast Asia are colour-coded to show kingdoms, countries and colonial territories. Twelve different scales are shown, as different countries used different measurement systems.

Map of the Dutch colonial administrative regions of western Borneo, featuring mountains, rivers and settlements. (One of four sheets covering Borneo from ‘Algemeene Atlas van Nederlandsche Indie [General Atlas of the Dutch East Indies]’.)

Map of the Dutch colonial administrative regions of southwest Borneo, featuring mountains, rivers and settlements. (One of four sheets covering Borneo from ‘Algemeene Atlas van Nederlandsche Indie [General Atlas of the Dutch East Indies]’.)

Map of the Dutch colonial administrative regions of southeast Borneo, featuring mountains, rivers and settlements. (One of four sheets covering Borneo from ‘Algemeene Atlas van Nederlandsche Indie [General Atlas of the Dutch East Indies]’.)

Map of the Dutch colonial administrative regions of northeast Borneo, featuring mountains, rivers and settlements. (One of four sheets covering Borneo from ‘Algemeene Atlas van Nederlandsche Indie [General Atlas of the Dutch East Indies]’.)