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On this map of Sumatra, the west coast mountain ranges contrast with the rivers to the east. An inset map of Singapore focuses on jungles along the coasts, and features bathymetry (sea depth) around the south coast and along the Singapore Strait.

This map of the Burman Empire (Myanmar) features mountains, forests and rivers, as well as borders with Siam (Thailand) and Laos. Text notes how far up rivers boats can reach (‘Boats reach hither from the Sea’), ruby mines and rice fields.

Map of the coastline of the bay of Batavia (Jakarta) showing the sand and mud bank and bathymetry (sea depth) in the bay. A plan of part of the city, including the fort, and the surrounding countryside are also included.

Plan of the canals and rivers flowing through the city of Batavia (Jakarta), passing through the port before reaching the pier and the bay. The bay has a sand bank and figures for water depth. There are profile drawings of two of the city’s rivers.

Made for ‘A History of Java’ by Sir Stamford Raffles, this map includes a list of administrative districts with their populations, and four inset maps of harbours. Another inset map shows rocks and minerals, mountains and volcanoes, and teak forests.

This early 19th century map was based on an earlier map by the English cartographer John Cary. It highlights the mountain ranges and rivers of Southeast Asia, and also features many place names of cities, towns and islands.

Made for ‘A History of Java’ by Sir Stamford Raffles, this map includes a list of administrative districts with their populations, and four inset maps of harbours. Another inset map shows rocks and minerals, mountains and volcanoes, and teak forests.

Map of Java marked with administrative regions, settlements, roads, mountains and rivers. There is an inset map of the port city of Batavia, with its system of rivers and canals, and its surrounding country with villages, fields and plantations.

Map of Java marked with administrative regions, settlements, roads, mountains and rivers. There is an inset map of the port city of Batavia, with its system of rivers and canals, and its surrounding country with villages, fields and plantations.

Southeast Asia is on the last sheet of this map of Asia. The South China Sea is labelled ‘Malayan Sea’. Small islands, shoals and reefs are shown. A label in Cochin China (Vietnam) reads ‘mountains inhabited by the uncivilized people called Kemoys’.

Map focusing on the passage between Penang Island and the mainland, with shoals and reefs marked and described, and bathymetry (sea depth) shown. There are anchor points at George Town harbour, and landmarks—hills, trees, a fort—to aid navigation.

Map focusing on the passage between Penang Island and the mainland, with shoals and reefs marked and described, and bathymetry (sea depth) shown. There are anchor points at George Town harbour, and landmarks—hills, trees, a fort—to aid navigation.