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Map of the Baram District, Borneo, by the British ethnologist Charles Hose, divided into territories of indigenous peoples: Malanaus, Kayans, Kenniahs, Orang-Bukits, Sibops, Madangs, Kalabits, Balaits, Tutongs, Kadayans and Malays.

Four maps of areas with lakes in Celebes (Sulawesi), including the lakes and main watershed of the South Peninsula. Three of the maps feature cross-section views (elevations) which show types of rocks.

Topographical map of mainland Southeast Asia. Mountains are represented by hachures—short lines/dashes that give a sense of the shape and steepness of terrain—and settlements, roads and rivers are marked.

Map of the Malay state of Johor, and Singapore. The route of a proposed railway north from Johor Bahru is shown. Apart from rivers and mountains, much of the terrain is blank, with labels such as ‘Unexplored Hill Country’ or ‘Dense Jungle and Swamp’.

This map shows agricultural enterprises in eastern Java in the late 19th century. Land ownership, crops (cassava, kapok, peanuts, tobacco), factories (oil, sugar, coffee), and the offices of government officials are also shown.

Plan of Singapore town, including Tanjong Pagar docks, the central civic/business area around the Singapore River, and residential areas. A roadstead—a body of water sheltered from tides/currents, for ships to anchor—is labelled ‘The Roads’.

Map of the Malay Peninsula divided into States, with names of local peoples marked (e.g. ‘Inhabited by Sakai & Semang’). Lighthouses are shown around the coast—including Horsburgh Lighthouse and Raffles Lighthouse—with their visible distance.

Map of the Malay Peninsula divided into States, with names of local peoples marked (e.g. ‘Inhabited by Sakai & Semang’). Lighthouses are shown around the coast—including Horsburgh Lighthouse and Raffles Lighthouse—with their visible distance.

A map surveying coal fields close to the Chindwin River in Upper Burma (Myanmar). Mountains are shown by using hachures: short lines/dashes that give a sense of the shape and steepness of terrain. Survey stations are marked with their height.

Topographical map of the mountainous border region between India and northwest Burma (Myanmar), showing rivers, lakes, villages, towns, roads and railways. High points are marked with their heights so they can be used for triangulation.

Map of Collingwood Bay, north coast of New Guinea, with bearings to mountains, bathymetry (sea depth), shoals and reefs. On land, notes on terrain (‘sloping plains’, ‘Stiff clay soil’), vegetation (‘Casuarina trees’) and people (‘FRIENDLY TRIBE’).

Map of part of the west coast of the Gulf of Papua, with islands, river mouths, shoals, bathymetry (water depth), notes to aid navigation. On land, notes on terrain (‘Limestone Hill’), vegetation (‘Pandanus & Nipa Palms’) and people (‘Paia Tribe’).