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On this map of Southeast Asia, numerous small islands, shoals and reefs are marked and named, especially in the South China Sea and around the Sunda and Maluku islands. Submarine cables to carry telegraph messages around the region are also shown.

Topographic map of the island of Bawean in the Java Sea, with terrain shown by contour lines, and mountains labelled with their heights. Villages, forests (heavy, light, teakwood) and crops (coconut, coffee, alang-alang, rice, bamboo) are marked.

A hand drawn map of the province of South Sumatra, divided into administrative districts, and including the capital city of Palembang. Mountains and rivers are featured prominently, with a list at the top left indicating the heights of the mountains.

This 1883 map shows European colonial territories in Southeast Asia. An inset map details the proposed French annexation of Tonquin, Annam and Cochin China (modern Vietnam). International telegraph lines are also marked.

The residency of Batavia, West Java, featuring plantations (coffee, tea, coconut, cinnamon, nutmeg, sugar); crops (rice, alang-alang, bamboo); fishing ponds; factories, warehouses, shops; routes, administrative borders; mountains, rivers, lakes.

The shaded area on this map is where volcanic ash fell from the 1883 eruption of Krakatoa (Sunda Strait between Sumatra and Java). Red figures record the thickness of the ash in millimetres; black figures are distance from the eruption in kilometres.

Map of Java divided into administrative areas (‘residencies’). Telegraph lines, railways (including those under construction) and postal routes are marked. Around the coasts, the routes of steamships are shown, with journey distances in miles.

Map of Java divided into administrative areas (‘residencies’). Telegraph lines, railways (including those under construction) and postal routes are marked. Around the coasts, the routes of steamships are shown, with journey distances in miles.

This detailed late 19th century map shows Java and Madura divided into regencies, and features mountains, roads, railways, and rivers.

This detailed late 19th century map shows Java and Madura divided into regencies, and features mountains, roads, railways, and rivers.

This geological map of the district of Toboali (Bangka Island, east of Sumatra) uses colours to depict types of rocks, soils and minerals. Tin mining areas are also highlighted.

Map of the Dutch East Indies, divided into administrative regions with coloured borders. There is an inset map of the important port city of Batavia (Jakarta) and its surroundings.