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The coloured areas on this map indicate the coastal regions that flooded after the 1883 Krakatoa volcanic eruption. Krakatoa is shown in the centre of the Sunda Strait, between Sumatra and Java.

Map of Lepong (Leupung) in Aceh, northern Sumatra, surrounded by paddy fields and mountains. There are handwritten corrections and additions in red ink, and an inset map of the mouth of the Kroeng Lepong river showing it four years earlier in 1879.

The residency of Batavia, West Java, featuring plantations (coffee, tea, coconut, cinnamon, nutmeg, sugar); crops (rice, alang-alang, bamboo); fishing ponds; factories, warehouses, shops; routes, administrative borders; mountains, rivers, lakes.

The Aceh War (1873–1904) between the Sultanate of Aceh and Dutch colonists is highlighted on this map of Groot-Atjeh in 1876. Flag symbols mark the locations of Dutch military posts, and some villages are described as ‘verbrande [burnt]’.

The Aceh War (1873–1904) between the Sultanate of Aceh and Dutch colonists is highlighted on this map of Groot-Atjeh in 1876. Flag symbols mark the locations of Dutch troops, while a red line records the route marched by ‘agitating troops’ in 1875-6.

The Straits Settlements are in red, with the rest of the map marked with names of local peoples (‘Inhabited by the Johor Jakuns’) and resources (mines). Many areas are left blank or vague as unexplored or approximate. Inset map of Singapore city.

The Straits Settlements are in red, with the rest of the map marked with names of local peoples (‘Inhabited by the Johor Jakuns’) and resources (mines). Many areas are left blank or vague as unexplored or approximate. Inset map of Singapore city.