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Navigation map of the northwest coast of Sumatra. Bathymetry (sea depth), anchor points, shoals and other obstructions (clay, coral, mud, stones, sand) are marked, with hills and settlements to use as landmarks.

This late 19th century large-scale (1:30,000) map show just a section of the Siak River, in the Riau province of Sumatra. Bathymetry (water depth) is shown in figures to aid navigation, with various landmarks noted along the river’s banks.

Navigation map of the southern part of the South China Sea, including the straits of Malacca and Singapore, and the Riau Archipelago. Bathymetry (sea depth), lighthouses, shoals and other obstructions are marked, with hills to use as landmarks.

A navigation map of the northern tip of Sumatra, featuring bathymetry (sea depth), reefs, shoals, and side views of landmark mountains (elevations). Lighthouses are highlighted in red and yellow, with lines to indicate the limits of their range.

Navigation map of the mouths of the Koealoe (Kualu) and Panei (Barumun and Bila) rivers on the east coast of Sumatra. Large sand and mud banks, bathymetry (sea depth), bouys and currents are marked. On land, tall trees are shown to use as landmarks.