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The Lesser Sunda Islands are shown spread over these three late 19th century maps. Each island is divided into local administrative districts, with cities, mountains and routes marked. Shoals, lighthouses and anchor points are shown at the coasts.

Topographic map of the island of Lombok in the Lesser Sunda Islands, with terrain shown by contour lines. Administrative districts, villages, routes, forests and crops (rice, coconut, coffee, banana, alang-alang, bamboo, Javanese pine) are marked.

Map of southern Lombok in the Lesser Sunda Islands, including the capital city Mataram, other settlements, routes and crops/plantations—rice, coconut, tea, coffee, banana, alang-alang, bamboo, arenga palm—with more mountainous regions to the north.

A map of the island of Lombok divided into administrative districts. Rivers, roads and paths, forests and mountains, anchor points, and crops—rice, coconut, coffee, banana, alang-alang, bamboo, casuarina (Javanese pine)—are marked.

Map of southern Lombok in the Lesser Sunda Islands, including the capital city Mataram, other settlements, routes and crops/plantations—rice, coconut, tea, coffee, banana, alang-alang, bamboo, arenga palm—with more mountainous regions to the north.

A map of Mataram in the late 19th century showing it as a kampong (village) surrounded by paddy fields (rectangular parcels of land for growing rice). The map’s whole area is now just part of what is the largest city on the island on Lombok.

Two maps of Lombok (Lesser Sunda Islands) from the time of the Dutch intervention which led to the colonisation of the island. Both maps focus on roads: the first covers the whole island; the second focuses on the capital city of Mataram.

This map of Lombok, in the Lesser Sunda Islands, mainly focuses on roads (marked in red) between the larger settlements. Mountains and rivers are also marked, with shoals, reefs and anchor points around the coast.

Map of Lombok in the Lesser Sunda Islands published by the Dutch newspaper ‘Ierseksche en Thoolsche Courant’. It mainly focuses on roads and paths between the larger settlements, with rivers and mountains also marked.

This map of the city of Mataram, on the Indonesian island of Lombok, shows the city surrounded by detailed illustrations of mountains which, the map’s subtitle notes, ‘serve de murailles’ [serve as its walls].