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Six maps of locations from the Spanish-American War (1898), including one of the Philippines featuring mountains, rivers, islands and settlements. There is also a world map featuring maritime routes, including around Southeast Asia.

Three maps of the Caroline Islands. One shows colonised areas in Southeast Asia: Dutch East Indies; British North Borneo, British New Guinea; German New Guinea; Philippines (Spain); Portuguese Timor. The route of the Challenger expedition is marked.

This map focuses on maritime Southeast Asia, with coastal settlements, rivers, bays, islands, straits and seas named. Shoals and reefs are marked. The only land feature is the mountains of Borneo, represented by short lines/dashes (called hachures).

A late 18th century maritime map of Southeast Asia, marked with expedition routes including the return of Captain Cook’s HMS Endeavour from Australia in 1770, and Captain Philip Carteret’s circumnavigation expedition in 1768.

These three maps are marked with shoals, rocks, water depth, safe entry points, and anchorage locations, to help ships safely anchor. The sites include the Joseph Freewill Islands (Mapia Atoll, Indonesia) and the coast of Mindanao in the Philippines.

Map of the Indian Ocean dominated by a rhumbline network—a web of interconnected lines used to help plot routes—with a compass rose at the centre. At the top there are (incomplete) drawings of people with text in Dutch, French, English and Spanish.