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Map of Banka (Bangka) Island, east of Sumatra, divided into administrative districts. Rocks, shoals, buoys and anchor points are marked around the coast, with mountains, wetlands, roads and settlements on land. Inset map of Pulau Liat (Liat Island).

Map of the Dutch colonial region of Banka (Bangka) island, featuring bathymetry (sea depth) in the Bangka Strait, and elevations showing heights of mountains. (From ‘Algemeene Atlas van Nederlandsche Indie [General Atlas of the Dutch East Indies]’.)

A navigation map of the Java Sea and Sunda Islands, with bathymetry (sea depth), maritime routes, shoals and reefs, and elevations (side views of terrestrial landmarks). Inset maps feature the bay at Batavia and the straits between the Sunda Islands.

Map of the Gaspar Strait, off the east coast of Sumatra. The web of lines is a rhumbline network, numbers indicate sea depth (bathymetry), and there are side views of islands (elevations), all to aid navigation. Five 18th century routes are marked.

Hand-drawn portolan (nautical) chart, featuring a rhumbline network (the web of interconnected lines), bathymetry (sea depth), shoals and reefs, and names of coastal settlements, all to aid navigation. With a colourful compass rose.