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The ancient kingdoms of mainland Southeast Asia are shown on this map of Asia, including the Birman Empire (Myanmar), the Kingdom of Siam (Thailand), and the Empire of Annam (Vietnam).

The ancient kingdoms of mainland Southeast Asia are shown on this map of Asia, including the Birman Empire (Myanmar), the Kingdom of Siam (Thailand), and the Empire of Annam (Vietnam).

This map of Asia features the ancient kingdoms of mainland Southeast Asia, such as the Birman Empire, Siam, Tonquin and Cochinchina. There are labels noting the inhabitants of some areas, such as 'Biajos' and ‘Tedongs’ in Borneo, and ‘Kemoy’ in Anam.

This map of Asia features the ancient kingdoms of mainland Southeast Asia, such as the Birman Empire, Siam, Tonquin and Cochinchina. There are labels noting the inhabitants of some areas, such as 'Biajos' and ‘Tedongs’ in Borneo, and ‘Kemoy’ in Anam.

Map of mainland Southeast Asia divided into kingdoms. Larger settlements are marked pictorially with a red building symbol. The desert of Cochinchine (Vietnam) is labelled as being inhabited by the ‘Kemoys Peuples Barbares [Kemoys Barbarian People]’.

Map of mainland Southeast Asia divided into kingdoms. Larger settlements are marked pictorially with a red building symbol. The desert of Cochinchine (Vietnam) is labelled as being inhabited by the ‘Kemoys Peuples Barbares [Kemoys Barbarian People]’.

This map of Asia features four different scales: French, Russian, Turkish and Chinese. Each country had their own measuring system, so this was not uncommon at the time.

This map of Asia features four different scales: French, Russian, Turkish and Chinese. Each country had their own measuring system, so this was not uncommon at the time.

This map shows the empires and kingdoms of Southeast Asia. Its decorative cartouche features drawings of plants, a camel, a vase, and the heads of children blowing to represent wind. An inset shows tall buildings, possibly Asian temples.

This map shows the empires and kingdoms of Southeast Asia. Its decorative cartouche features drawings of plants, a camel, a vase, and the heads of children blowing to represent wind. An inset shows tall buildings, possibly Asian temples.

Map of the regions, empires and states of Asia. Extensive notes cover religion (people of mainland Southeast Asia are idolaters), colonialism (Dutch and Portuguese rule in Malacca and the Sunda Islands) and the spice trade of the Maluku Islands.

Map of the regions, empires and states of Asia. Extensive notes cover religion (people of mainland Southeast Asia are idolaters), colonialism (Dutch and Portuguese rule in Malacca and the Sunda Islands) and the spice trade of the Maluku Islands.