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The Lesser Sunda Islands are shown spread over these three late 19th century maps. Each island is divided into local administrative districts, with cities, mountains and routes marked. Shoals, lighthouses and anchor points are shown at the coasts.

Fifty-seven separate maps of bays, roadsteads—a body of water sheltered from tides/currents—and anchor points around the Lesser Sunda Islands. Landmarks, lighthouses, bathymetry (sea depth), shoals, reefs and other obstructions are marked.

Hand-drawn map of Flores in the Lesser Sunda Islands, with extensive written notes describing the island, e.g. the interior is unknown to Europeans; the names of the main Christian villages are underlined.

Navigation map of the Celebes Sea, Makassar Strait and Java Sea, with bathymetry (sea depth), maritime routes, shoals and reefs, and landmark coastal mountains to aid navigation. On two sheets, which may not be from the same original map.

Map of the western half of the Dutch colonial administrative region (residency) of Timor, featuring Flores, Komodo, Sumba and Savu islands, and their straits. (From ‘Algemeene Atlas van Nederlandsche Indie [General Atlas of the Dutch East Indies]’.)

Map of the eastern half of the Dutch colonial administrative region (residency) of Timor, with an inset map of its capital city and port Timorkoepang (Kupang). (From ‘Algemeene Atlas van Nederlandsche Indie [General Atlas of the Dutch East Indies]’.)

Two maps of routes around the Flores and Banda seas—through the straits between the Lesser Sunda Islands and the Maluku Islands—towards China. Includes a rhumbline network—a web of lines to help plot routes—bathymetry (sea depth), shoals and reefs.

Although this map’s title refers to the south-western islands of the Banda Islands, it actually focuses on the Lesser Sunda Islands, including Flores, Sumba and Timor. The islands feature mountains and jungle, with shoals and reefs around the coasts.

Hand-drawn portolan (nautical) chart, featuring a rhumbline network (the web of interconnected lines), bathymetry (sea depth), shoals and reefs, and names of coastal settlements, all to aid navigation. With a colourful compass rose.

This colourful hand-drawn portolan (nautical) chart was designed to aid navigation. It features a rhumbline network (the web of interconnected lines), bathymetry (sea depth), shoals and reefs, anchor points and written notes.

Hand-drawn portolan (nautical) chart of the Lesser Sunda Islands, featuring a rhumbline network (the web of interconnected lines), shoals, reefs, elevations (side views of landmark mountains), and names of coastal settlements, all to aid navigation.