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The ancient kingdoms of mainland Southeast Asia are shown on this 18th century map, including Ava and Pegu (Myanmar), Siam (Thailand), Tonquin (Vietnam), Laos and—between Cochin China (Vietnam) and Camboja (Cambodia)—‘A Savage Nation called KEMOYS’.

This mid-18th century map of Asia has a stereographic projection to aid navigation. An illustration features Asian men—probably merchants, one of whom sits on a throne—and a kneeling elephant.

This mid-18th century map of Asia has a stereographic projection to aid in navigation. There is also an illustration featuring two Asian men depicted as native warriors, with a robed woman, as well as a large lizard.

This mid-18th century map of Asia has a stereographic projection to aid in navigation. There is also an illustration featuring two Asian men depicted as warriors, with a robed woman, as well as a large lizard.

This mid-18th century map of Asia has a stereographic projection to aid navigation. An illustration features Asian men—probably merchants, one of whom sits on a throne—and a kneeling elephant.

This mid-18th century map of Asia has a stereographic projection to aid navigation. An illustration features Asian men—probably merchants, one of whom sits on a throne—and a kneeling elephant.

This mid-18th century map of Asia has a stereographic projection to aid in navigation. There is also an illustration featuring two Asian men depicted as warriors, with a robed woman, as well as a large lizard.

This mid-18th century map of Asia has a stereographic projection to aid navigation. An illustration features Asian men—probably merchants, one of whom sits on a throne—and a kneeling elephant.

This mid-18th century map of Asia has a stereographic projection to aid navigation. An illustration features Asian men—probably merchants, one of whom sits on a throne—and a kneeling elephant.

This mid-18th century map of Asia has a stereographic projection to aid in navigation. There is also an illustration featuring two Asian men depicted as warriors, with a robed woman, as well as a large lizard.

Map marking the routes through maritime Southeast Asia of two delegations: a French delegation from Brest, France to Siam in 1685; and a Siamese delegation from Siam to Brest in 1686. A note next to Aceh records a sea battle against Portugal in 1616.

Notes on this map describe European colonial territories and trade with Asia, though this is concentrated around India, and mostly has not yet reached further east to ‘India extra Gangem [India beyond the Ganges]’ as Southeast Asia is labelled.