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A series of four maps of the Indian Ocean—one for each quarter of the calendar year—showing the direction and intensity of the winds, including around the seas of Southeast Asia. There are extensive explanatory notes.

Map of the Indian Ocean showing the currents (represented by arrows), including during the North East and North West monsoons. Numbers on the arrows indicate the current’s speed.

Map of the Indian Ocean showing maritime routes, including some to and around Southeast Asia, where they pass through the Strait of Malacca, the Sunda Strait, and the straits between the Lesser Sunda Islands.

Map focusing on the passages between the islands of maritime Southeast Asia used to travel between the Indian and Pacific oceans. Includes the Strait of Malacca, many straits between the Sunda Islands, and a route through the Maluku Islands.

Map focusing on the passages between the islands of maritime Southeast Asia used to travel between the Indian and Pacific oceans. Includes the Strait of Malacca, many straits between the Sunda Islands, and a route through the Maluku Islands.

The arrows on this map show the direction of the seasonal monsoons of Southeast Asia during the late 18th century. Each arrow has a label in French, indicating the month. The hatched sea areas are where the winds always blow in the same direction.

Three of the larger Sunda Islands—Sumatra, Java and Borneo—are shown on this mid-18th century map, along with a few of the smaller islands such as Bali, Lombok and Sumbawa. Celebes (Sulawesi) and some of the other smaller islands are not included.

Three of the larger Sunda Islands—Sumatra, Java and Borneo—are shown on this mid-18th century map, along with a few of the smaller islands such as Bali, Lombok and Sumbawa. Celebes (Sulawesi) and some of the other smaller islands are not included.