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Map of the lands of the Pakpak people, an ethnic group of Batak people of northern Sumatra. The names of various sub-ethnic groups—Siem Siem (Pakpak Simsim), Pegagan (Pakpak Pegagan), Kepas (Pakpak Keppas)—are marked to show their territories.

Hand-drawn map of the upper basin of the Asahan River, just southeast of Lake Toba in northern Sumatra. Rivers such as the Hoewaloe and Bila are marked in blue, with roads in red, mountains shaded brown, and settlements named.

A hand-drawn map of Lake Toba, northern Sumatra, marked with the route of an eight-day journey around the southern lake area—both on land and by boat—starting and ending in the town of Baligé.

Hand-drawn map of the southern part of Lake Toba in Sumatra, with roads, rivers and paths marked. Mountains, forest and rice fields are also shown, as are missionary buildings for indigenous and European people.