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This map of Sumatra is divided into administrative areas called ‘residencies’, which include the surrounding islands such as the Riau Archipelago and islands in the South China Sea.

A map of the administrative divisions of Sumatra and the Malay Peninsula. The mountains of western Sumatra and the central Malay Peninsula are represented by hachures: short lines/dashes that give a sense of the shape and steepness of terrain.

Map of the Riouw (Riau) Residency, Sumatra. The border between Riau and the island’s west coast is marked in red ‘as far as it is known [voor zoo verre die... bekend is]’, ending abruptly in the unexplored mountains near Lake Toba, northern Sumatra.

Map of the Dutch colonial administrative region (residency) of Riouw (Riau) focusing on the islands and sea passages, with bathymetry (sea depth) marked. (From ‘Algemeene Atlas van Nederlandsche Indie [General Atlas of the Dutch East Indies]’.)

Two maps featuring many of the islands between the Malay Peninsula, Sumatra and Borneo. In the top map, Batam, Bintan, Lingga and many of the smaller Riau Islands. In the bottom map, Bangka and Belitung on the east coast of Sumatra.