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Map of Upper Burma, showing the borders with Assam (India), China and Siam (Thailand), as well as internal administrative borders. Mountains with their heights, settlements, rivers and railways (completed, proposed and under construction) are shown.

This late 19th century map shows the disputed border region between Siam (Thailand, Laos) and Tongkin (Vietnam), with the border claimed by Siam highlighted in yellow. Provinces along the border are labelled with the names of their local tribes.