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Marine chart of the Pacific Ocean, including Southeast Asia. Small islands, shoals and reefs are marked, and often named, around the seas and straits of the region.

Map of Asia divided into regions with coloured borders. Mainland Southeast Asia is in green, and features the ancient kingdoms of Birma (Myanmar), Siam (Thailand) and An-nam (Vietnam).

Map of the East Indies in the mid-19th century, with the borders of Dutch colonial territory (Dutch East Indies) marked in brown.

Map of Asia divided into regions with coloured borders. Mainland Southeast Asia is in green, and features the ancient kingdoms of Birma (Myanmar), Siam (Thailand) and An-nam (Vietnam).

Map of the East Indies in the mid-19th century, with the borders of Dutch colonial territory (Dutch East Indies) marked in brown.

Map of the East Indies, with the borders of Dutch colonial territory marked in brown. The Malay Peninsula (‘Malakka’) has green borders, indicating it is a British possession. Four inset maps show other Dutch territories outside Southeast Asia.

From ‘Lizars' Edinburgh Geographical General Atlas’, this mid-19th century map was based on an earlier map by the English cartographer John Cary. It highlights the mountain ranges and rivers of Southeast Asia, and also features many place names.

Map of the East Indies, with the borders of Dutch colonial territory marked in brown. The Malay Peninsula (‘Malakka’) has green borders, indicating it is a British possession. Four inset maps show other Dutch territories outside Southeast Asia.

Map of Dutch colonial possessions in maritime Southeast Asia, labelled with the names of administrative areas. Mountains are represented by hachures, short lines/dashes that give a sense of the shape and steepness of terrain.

Map of Dutch colonial possessions in maritime Southeast Asia, labelled with the names of administrative areas. Mountains are represented by hachures, short lines/dashes that give a sense of the shape and steepness of terrain.

Dutch map of the East Indies, with mountain ranges represented by simple hachure marks, and just a few rivers marked. Mainland Southeast Asia is labelled ‘Achter Indie [Beyond India]’.

This map shows the Dutch colonial possessions in the East Indies in the mid-19th century. Other country’s colonial territories are also shown: British (Malacca), Spanish (Philippines) and Portuguese (East Timor). Forts are also marked.