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Map focusing on Kota Radja (city of Banda Aceh, Sumatra) during the Aceh War (1873–1904) fought between the Sultanate of Aceh and Dutch colonists. Dutch forts are shown in a zone around the city, and villages are marked in the surrounding country.

On this map of the east coast of northern Sumatra, red borders divide the land into agricultural properties, each with a number to identify it. The whole area is divided into colour-coded administrative districts.

Map of Sumatra and surrounding islands, with residencies—administrative districts—shown by coloured borders. There are inset maps of two residencies surrounding Padang, and of Groot-Atjeh (Aceh). Rivers, railways, roads and settlements are marked.

This map of Sumatra is divided into administrative areas called ‘residencies’, which include the surrounding islands such as the Riau Archipelago and islands in the South China Sea.

The use of hachures—short lines/dashes that give a sense of the shape and steepness of terrain—highlight the mountain ranges along the west coast of Sumatra, with rivers flowing east. There is an inset map of the residency of Groot-Atjih (Aceh).

The use of hachures—short lines/dashes that give a sense of the shape and steepness of terrain—highlight the mountain ranges along the west coast of Sumatra, with rivers flowing east. The island is divided into administrative ‘residencies’.

The use of hachures—short lines/dashes that give a sense of the shape and steepness of terrain—highlight the mountain ranges along the west coast of Sumatra, with rivers flowing east. The island is divided into administrative ‘residencies’.