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Map of part of the Dutch colonial administrative region (assistant residency) of Benkoelen (Bengkulu, Sumatra). Inset map of Nias Island and the Batu Islands. (From ‘Algemeene Atlas van Nederlandsche Indie [General Atlas of the Dutch East Indies]’.)

Map of part of the Dutch colonial administrative region (assistant residency) of Benkoelen (Bengkulu, Sumatra). There is an inset map of the Banyak Islands. (From ‘Algemeene Atlas van Nederlandsche Indie [General Atlas of the Dutch East Indies]’.)

Map of the Dutch colonial administrative region (residency) of Lampung at the southern tip of Sumatra, divided into five regencies (yellow borders). (From ‘Algemeene Atlas van Nederlandsche Indie [General Atlas of the Dutch East Indies]’.)

Map of the western half of the Dutch colonial administrative region (residency) of Palembang, Sumatra, divided into departments. (From ‘Algemeene Atlas van Nederlandsche Indie [General Atlas of the Dutch East Indies]’.)

Map of the eastern half of the Dutch colonial administrative region (residency) of Palembang, Sumatra. A fort is marked in the town of Batoeradja. (From ‘Algemeene Atlas van Nederlandsche Indie [General Atlas of the Dutch East Indies]’.)

Map of the Dutch colonial administrative region (residency) of Riouw (Riau) focusing on the islands and sea passages, with bathymetry (sea depth) marked. (From ‘Algemeene Atlas van Nederlandsche Indie [General Atlas of the Dutch East Indies]’.)

The use of hachures—short lines/dashes that give a sense of the shape and steepness of terrain—highlight the mountain ranges along the west coast of Sumatra, with rivers flowing east. The island is divided into administrative ‘residencies’.

Map of the Eastern Hemisphere featuring a maritime route from the Netherlands to the port of Batavia (Jakarta) in the East Indies, with each day’s progress marked. Other routes around the region and back to Europe via the Suez Canal are also shown.

Map of a proposed extension of a telegraph system from Rangoon (Yangon, Myanmar) to China. Includes current and projected railways, steam ship routes, and population figures for western China. From the British magazine ‘The Illustrated London News’.

Map of the Eastern Hemisphere featuring a maritime route from the Netherlands to the port of Batavia (Jakarta) in the East Indies, with each day’s progress marked. Other routes around the region and back to Europe via the Suez Canal are also shown.

This late 19th century map of Southeast Asia shows the best maritime routes around the region, according to the time of year. There are also inset maps highlighting the rivers and southern islands of Singapore, and the sea depth around Labuan Island.

Map of part of the Dutch colonial administrative region of Sumatra’s Westkust (Sumatra’s West Coast). A route into the port of Sibogha (Sibolga) is marked. (From ‘Algemeene Atlas van Nederlandsche Indie [General Atlas of the Dutch East Indies]’.)