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The use of hachures—short lines/dashes that give a sense of the shape and steepness of terrain—highlight the mountain ranges along the west coast of this map of Sumatra. Many rivers flow east from the mountains to the Malacca Strait.

On this map of the northern tip of the Minahasa Peninsula, the roads have been added in pencil after the map was printed. Similarly, the elevation (side view) of the peninsula’s mountains has the route of a journey added in pencil.

Map of the Dutch colonial administrative region (residency) of Riouw (Riau) focusing on the islands and sea passages, with bathymetry (sea depth) marked. (From ‘Algemeene Atlas van Nederlandsche Indie [General Atlas of the Dutch East Indies]’.)

Map of the South Peninsula of Celebes (Sulawesi). The Spermonde Archipelago in the Makassar Strait is very detailed with islands, shoals, reefs and bathymetry. (From ‘Algemeene Atlas van Nederlandsche Indie [General Atlas of the Dutch East Indies]’.)

Map of the Dutch colonial administrative region (residency) of Madioen (Madiun, Java). A sugar factory, cinnamon shed, and indigo plant mill are marked. (From ‘Algemeene Atlas van Nederlandsche Indie [General Atlas of the Dutch East Indies]’.)

A map of the residency of Madioen (Madiun), East Java, divided into regencies and districts. Mountains, rivers and roads are marked, along with postal routes and post offices, sugar factories, cinnamon sheds (‘kaneelloodsen’) and indigo plant mills.

Map of the western half of the Dutch colonial administrative region (residency) of Rembang, Java, with an inset map of its capital city, Rembang. (From ‘Algemeene Atlas van Nederlandsche Indie [General Atlas of the Dutch East Indies]’.)

Map of the eastern half of the Dutch colonial administrative region (residency) of Rembang, Java. A sugar factory and tobacco establishment are marked. (From ‘Algemeene Atlas van Nederlandsche Indie [General Atlas of the Dutch East Indies]’.)

Map of the Dutch colonial administrative region (residency) of Pasoeroean (Pasuruan, Java), with post offices and routes, a sugar factory, and a coffee mill. (From ‘Algemeene Atlas van Nederlandsche Indie [General Atlas of the Dutch East Indies]’.)

Topographic map of the residency of Rembang, Central Java, divided into regencies and districts. Roads and villages are marked, with shoals, reefs and water depth at sea. An inset map of the city of Rembang features markets, warehouses, churches.

Map of the Dutch colonial administrative region (residency) of Cheribon (Cirebon, Java), including an elevation showing the heights of the area’s mountains. (From ‘Algemeene Atlas van Nederlandsche Indie [General Atlas of the Dutch East Indies]’.)

Map of part of the Dutch colonial administrative region of Sumatra’s Westkust (Sumatra’s West Coast). A route into the port of Sibogha (Sibolga) is marked. (From ‘Algemeene Atlas van Nederlandsche Indie [General Atlas of the Dutch East Indies]’.)