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This map of Asia, from an atlas by the German cartographer Karl von Spruner, is colour-coded to show the possessions of the Indian Maratha Empire, and of the European colonial powers at the end of the 18th century.

In the 18th century, European maps tended to use their own country’s meridian, so on this French map of Asia longitude is measured from the Paris Meridian. Southeast Asia is divided into regions such as the Birman Empire, Yunshan and Tonquin.

The Kingdoms of Burmah (Myanmar) and Siam (Thailand) feature on this map of India. Mountain ranges, rivers, and a teak forest are marked, along with major settlements.

Map focusing on the passages between the islands of maritime Southeast Asia. Many 18th century routes are labelled with the ship/captain’s name and date, and there are notes on some shoals and reefs recording names, details and incidents/shipwrecks.

In the 18th century, European maps tended to use their own country’s meridian, so on this French map of Asia longitude is measured from the Paris Meridian. Southeast Asia is divided into regions such as the Birman Empire, Yunshan and Tonquin.

The Kingdoms of Burmah (Myanmar) and Siam (Thailand) feature on this map of India. Mountain ranges, rivers, and a teak forest are marked, along with major settlements.

Map focusing on the passages between the islands of maritime Southeast Asia. Many 18th century routes are labelled with the ship/captain’s name and date, and there are notes on some shoals and reefs recording names, details and incidents/shipwrecks.

Longitude is indicated in two different ways on this mid-18th century map: along the top border, it is shown in degrees (number of degrees east of London); more unusually, along the bottom border, it is shown in time (number of hours east of London).

This map from 1800 is by the Scottish cartographer Alexander Dalrymple, who was the first Hydrographer of the British Admiralty. It documents the river systems of the Birman Empire (Myanmar) and modern Thailand, Laos, Cambodia and Vietnam.

This late 18th century map features a number of labels describing the local populations, including the Kemoys ('Savage People') of the mountains of Cokin China (Vietnam), the Biayos of Borneo, and the 'Wild People' of the mountains of Pegu (Myanmar).

A late 18th century map of Asia featuring rivers, mountains, reefs and shoals. Regions are colour-coded, with the borders of the kingdoms of mainland Southeast Asia in green, and the islands of maritime Southeast Asia in yellow and red.

This late 18th century map of Asia uses colour to differentiate various regions, with mainland Southeast Asia in blue, and maritime Southeast Asia in yellow, red, green and blue.