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Map of the Dutch colonial administrative region (residency) of Japara (Jepara, Java). A cochineal factory—where the dye carmine is made from insects—is shown. (From ‘Algemeene Atlas van Nederlandsche Indie [General Atlas of the Dutch East Indies]’.)

Map of the eastern half of the Dutch colonial administrative region (residency) of Rembang, Java. A sugar factory and tobacco establishment are marked. (From ‘Algemeene Atlas van Nederlandsche Indie [General Atlas of the Dutch East Indies]’.)

Map of the Dutch colonial administrative region (residency) of Soerabaya (Surabaya, Java), including the Madura Strait and an inset map of the island of Bawean. (From ‘Algemeene Atlas van Nederlandsche Indie [General Atlas of the Dutch East Indies]’.

Map of the Dutch colonial administrative region (residency) of Pasoeroean (Pasuruan, Java), with post offices and routes, a sugar factory, and a coffee mill. (From ‘Algemeene Atlas van Nederlandsche Indie [General Atlas of the Dutch East Indies]’.)

Map of the Dutch colonial administrative region of the island of Madoera (Madura), featuring bathymetry (sea depth), and an inset map of the Kangean Islands. (From ‘Algemeene Atlas van Nederlandsche Indie [General Atlas of the Dutch East Indies]’.)

Topographic map of the residency of Rembang, Central Java, divided into regencies and districts. Roads and villages are marked, with shoals, reefs and water depth at sea. An inset map of the city of Rembang features markets, warehouses, churches.

This navigation map of the mouth of the Kaladan River on the west coast of Arracan (modern Myanmar) features drawings of coastal features (elevations), bathymetry (sea depth), shoals and reefs, landmarks, and notes on how to enter the river safely.

This late 19th century map of Southeast Asia shows the best maritime routes around the region, according to the time of year. There are also inset maps highlighting the rivers and southern islands of Singapore, and the sea depth around Labuan Island.