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An early 17th century map by the Flemish/Dutch cartographer Jodocus Hondius showing Asia and part of Europe and Africa. The Latin text on New Guinea translates as ‘Whether it is an island or the southern part of the continent is not yet certain’.

This seventeenth century map focuses on the Sunda Islands of maritime Southeast Asia, and features a rhumbline network, a web of lines to help plot routes and aid navigation.

This map is illustrated with drawings of Asian people wearing traditional clothing, including representatives of Sumatra, Java and the Maluku Islands. There are also drawings of important ports such as Bantam (Banten) at the western end of Java.

Originally published in Gerardus Mercator's ‘Atlas Sive Cosmographicae Meditationes de Fabrica Mundi et Fabricati Figura’ (1595), the title of which was the first use of the word ‘atlas’ to refer to a collection of maps. This is a 1630 reprint.

As was common in this era, this map mistakenly shows the bottom of Peninsula Malaya as a separate island. The map also features illustrations of ships and a sea monster. Latin text on the reverse describes the people, crops, geography of the region.

Four long rivers flow south through mainland Southeast Asia on this map: the ‘Menan’, ‘Manthabam’ and ‘Cosmin’ originate at a mythical lake (‘Chiamai Lacus’) in southern China, while the ‘Mecon’ (Mekong) flows from the hills of Cochinchina (Vietnam).

The city of Pegu (Bago, Myanmar), some other settlements, and a river named Martabam Auia are shown in the lower right of this 17th century map of Hindustan (Indian subcontinent). The genealogical seal of the Mughal emperors of India is top right.

The city of Pegu (Bago, Myanmar), some other settlements, and a river named Martabam Auia are shown in the lower right of this 17th century map of Hindustan (Indian subcontinent). The genealogical seal of the Mughal emperors of India is top right.

The city of Pegu (Bago, Myanmar), some other settlements, and a river named Martabam Auia are shown in the lower right of this 17th century map of Hindustan (Indian subcontinent). The genealogical seal of the Mughal emperors of India is top right.

On the right of this map, Latin text held within an elaborate border notes that five of the Maluku Islands are located nearby—Ternate, Tidore, Moti, Makian and Bacan—which trade spices including clove, cinnamon, nutmeg and ginger to the world.

An early map of Southeast Asia featuring a rhumbline network, a web of lines to help plot routes and aid navigation. Where the lines meet, there is a compass rose with an arrow pointing north. The map is decorated with illustrations of sea monsters.

The north coast of New Guinea is mapped here as it was discovered by the Dutch explorer Willem Corneliszoon Schouten. He is named on the map as Guillaume Schouten de Hoorn, known as the first to sail from Europe to the Pacific Ocean via Cape Horn.