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This map of the fortified settlement of Cổ Loa (near Hanoi, northern Vietnam) shows the royal city, battlements and gates, a temple and a well. Artefacts dating to the Bronze Age have been found on this early site of Vietnamese civilization.

A plan of the city of Manila, Philippines, showing the streets and buildings—categorised as military (coloured red), civil (yellow) or religious (blue)—around the Pasig River. The city is surrounded by suburbs, fields and wetlands.

Created by the U.S. Army, this map of a small area south of Manila records Spanish and American trenches and troop and gun locations on the last day of the Spanish–American War (13 August 1898). Ground conditions (swamps, jungle, fields) are noted.

Created by the U.S. Army during the Spanish-American War, this reconnaissance map of a small area south of Manila features Spanish (red) and American (blue) trenches, as well as roads, buildings and ground conditions (firm ground, swamps, fields).